Will this umbrella leak? A caribou umbrella index for boreal landbird conservation

Conservation approaches that efficiently protect multiple values, such as the umbrella species concept, have been widely promoted with expected dramatic ecosystem changes. Due to its social and cultural importance, recent declining trends, boreal populations of woodland caribou suggested potential for other taxa, landbirds. We propose a generic pixel-based index focuses on fine-grained habitat overlaps. In light ongoing conservation efforts worldwide implementing area-based targets (e.g., 30% by 2030), we used random neutral model baseline, opposed no-conservation scenario, which has elsewhere. found efficiency an 71 co-occurring landbirds—three are priority species—in Northwest Territories, Canada, is generally lower than our model, 53% presented negative medians interquartile range not overlapping zero. conclude in cases where drive decision-making issue at stake involves identifying areas conserve—not whether conserve—woodland may be leaky most landbird these might need complementary actions brought from rain.